Policy Briefs and Testimonies

Economic Policies for Affordable, Secure and Clean Energy: Synthesis Report

| 5 June 2026
Fiscal, Policy Briefs | Tags: Decarbonization, Energy, Industrial Policy, Policy Coherence, Tax Expenditures
Recent energy crises, surging electricity demand and accelerating climate change have pushed affordable, secure, and clean energy to the top of policy agendas worldwide. The challenge respects no borders,making cross-country perspectives timely. ... continue reading

Macroprudential Policy for a Low Carbon Economy: The Case of Cross-Border Funding in China

and | 24 April 2026
Monetary, Policy Briefs | Tags: China, Decarbonization, Macroprudential Policy
Understanding how macroprudential frameworks can be designed and adapted to support cross-border flows is therefore an increasingly pressing question for policymakers. This paper distills the lessons from China on how to do so. ... continue reading

The Macroprudential Response to Climate Systemic Risk: Four Essential Pillars

, , and | 26 February 2026
Monetary, Policy Briefs | Tags: Climate Risks, Financial Stability, Macroprudential Policy, Portugal, Systemic Risks
While existing macroprudential policy toolkits can already be deployed to address climate-related systemic risk, their implementation shall account for the data available to assess climate-related risks, the state of knowledge about them, and the institutional frameworks in which macroprudential instruments operate. ... continue reading

Scale and Oversight of Tax Expenditures in Ireland

and | 10 February 2026
Fiscal, Testimonies | Tags: Ireland, Parliaments, Tax Expenditures
Tax expenditures are introduced to promote investment, employment, welfare policy objectives, or environmental goals, among others. Yet systematic evaluations remain rare ... ... continue reading

Who is Afraid of AI? Who Should Be?

, , , , , , , , , and | 26 January 2026
Trade, Policy Briefs | Tags: Artificial Intelligence, Employment, Innovation
What are the consequences of the rise in AI for workers? Will AI create or destroy jobs? Conceptually, AI can both substitute for and complement human labour. ... continue reading

The Energy Taxation Directive and the Clean Industrial Deal

| 20 November 2025
Fiscal, Testimonies | Tags: Decarbonization, Energy, Europe, Fossil Fuel Subsidies
Thank you for the opportunity to speak today on the Energy Taxation Directive (ETD) and the Clean Industrial Deal (CID). I will start with brief remarks on the ETD and then turn to lessons the CID could draw from global experience with the use of ... continue reading

From Risk to Resilience. Closing the Climate Insurance Protection Gap

| 8 September 2025
Monetary, Policy Briefs | Tags: Climate Risks, Financial Stability, Inequality, Insurance
When insurers stop covering climate risks, these risks are transferred onto individuals, businesses, and taxpayers. Insufficient insurance coverage not only undermines the financial system’s ability to absorb shocks but also has wider economic, fiscal, and social repercussions. ... continue reading

A Macroprudential Approach to Compound Climate Risks

and | 5 September 2025
Monetary, Policy Briefs | Tags: Climate Risks, Financial Stability, Macroprudential Policy, Systemic Risks
Macroprudential authorities can make an integral contribution to a more resilient financial system capable of withstanding the evolving challenges posed by climate change, economic shocks and their complex interplay. ... continue reading

Addressing Novel Risks, Strengthening Finance, and Building Resilience in ASEAN+3

and | 1 September 2025
Monetary, Policy Briefs | Tags: ASEAN+3, Central Banks, Climate Risks, Financial Regulation, Financial Supervision
Welfare and economic growth in ASEAN+3 depend on the region’s ability to align economic priorities and the effective management of novel risks with the need to address structural challenges, associated transformations and the ability to harness future opportunities. ... continue reading

Central Banking and Asia’s Energy Future: The Role of Targeted Refinancing in ASEAN+3

| 12 June 2025
Monetary, Policy Briefs | Tags: ASEAN+3, Central Banks, Energy, Targeted Refinancing Lines
The pursuit of sustainable prosperity in ASEAN+3 critically hinges on the availability of affordable, secure, and clean energy. ... continue reading