A Dashboard for Biodiversity Risk Metrics
Oliver Braunschweig,
Chiara Colesanti Senni and
David Lunsford | 24 March 2022
Monetary,
Policy Briefs | Tags:
Biodiversity Risk,
Central Banks
This policy brief calls on central banks and financial supervisors to build and use a dashboard of biodiversity metrics to assess biodiversity risks in terms of both dependencies and impacts. In order for these metrics to become fully operational, they should cover risks for firms
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Monetary Policy Operations and Biodiversity Loss
Pierre Monnin | 24 March 2022
Monetary,
Policy Briefs | Tags:
Biodiversity Risk,
Central Banks,
Climate Change
Biodiversity is declining at unprecedented rates in human history, with growing evidence that this could have significant economic and financial implications. In this regard, biodiversity loss is very similar to climate change: both entail physical risks that could translate into substantial economic and financial losses,
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The EU Digital Market Regulations: Rule-Maker or Deal-Breaker?
Hildegunn Kyvik Nordås,
Magnus Lodefalk and
Joakim Wernberg | 3 February 2022
Trade,
Policy Briefs | Tags:
Digitalization,
Services Trade
The digital transformation of the economy and society gives rise to a need for updated regulations and rules of the game for the digitised market.
Within the EU, this need has been reflected in a number of legislative initiatives, most recently the Digital Markets Act (DMA),
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Aligning Central Bank Refinancing Operations with the G20 Agenda
Chiara Colesanti Senni and
Pierre Monnin | 6 October 2021
Monetary,
Policy Briefs | Tags:
Central Banks,
Climate Risk,
G20,
Targeted Refinancing Lines
Since the Pittsburgh Summit in 2009, G20 leaders have repeatedly highlighted inclusive growth and environmental protection as core objectives in their joint declarations. With the widening of economic inequalities and the acceleration of climate change and biodiversity loss, their calls for action have gained further
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Digital Trade: Top Trade Negotiation Priorities for Cross-Border Data Flows and Online Trade in Services
Jane Drake-Brockman,
Gabriel Gari,
Stuart Harbinson,
Bernard Hoekman,
Hildegunn Kyvik Nordås and
Sherry Stephenson | 16 September 2021
Trade,
Policy Briefs | Tags:
Digitalization,
Services Trade,
WTO
This policy brief sets out recommendations to achieve a new multilateral framework of trade rules in the digital arena, thereby facilitating continued digital transformation of services and growth in cross-border flows of data. The present moment is critical. Successful conclusion of World Trade Organization (WTO)
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Systemic Risk Buffers – The Missing Piece in the Prudential Response to Climate Risks
Pierre Monnin | 1 June 2021
Monetary,
Policy Briefs | Tags:
Climate Risk,
European Systemic Risk Board,
Macroprudential Regulation,
Systemic Risks
Climate-related financial risks can potentially destabilize the financial sector. This fact is acknowledged by the major international financial bodies – the Financial Stability Board (FSB), the Bank for International Settlements (BIS), the International Monetary Fund (IMF) – as well as by the Central Banks and
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“If Something Cannot Go on Forever, It Will Stop“
William White | 1 April 2021
Fiscal,
Monetary,
Policy Briefs | Tags:
Covid-19,
Debt,
Democracy,
Environment,
Financial Stability,
Health Systems,
Inequality,
International Cooperation,
Resilience
“If something cannot go on forever, it will stop.” This famous observation was made by Herb Stein, Senior Fellow at the American Enterprise Institute. It became famous largely because it was just that, obvious. Yet, what is no less obvious is that public policy is
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Services Trade Governance in the Digital Economy
Hildegunn Kyvik Nordås | 26 March 2021
Trade,
Policy Briefs | Tags:
Digitalization,
Services Trade,
Trade Policy
Services are at the frontier of the transformation to a digital economy. R&D as well as information and communication technology drive the transformation and make services more tradable across borders. The General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) governing global services trade was designed in
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Disparate Racial Impact: Tax Expenditure Reform Needed
Tom Neubig | 23 March 2021
Fiscal,
Policy Briefs | Tags:
Income Inequality,
Tax Expenditures
This policy brief discusses the issues of potential disparate racial impacts of U.S. tax laws regarding government subsidy and incentive programs run through the tax system: tax expenditures. It analyzes the available data, provides normative insights, and describes eight steps to address disparate racial impacts
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Tackling Inequality Through Tax Expenditure Reform
Agustin Redonda and
Rita de la Feria | 24 September 2020
Fiscal,
Policy Briefs | Tags:
G20,
Inequality,
Tax Expenditures,
VAT
Inequality endangers social cohesion and hampers economic growth, and as a consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic, inequality is set to increase. Hence, the commitment of the Group of Twenty (G20) to address inequality in the context of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is arguably more
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