Discussion Notes

Tax Expenditures Country Report: Zimbabwe

and | 20 May 2026
Fiscal, Discussion Notes | Tags: GTED, GTETI, Tax Expenditures, Zimbabwe
Tax expenditures (TEs) in Zimbabwe represent a significant portion of government spending, amounting to 2.8 percent of GDP, 24.7 percent of total revenue, and 21.2 percent of public spending in 2023. Companies benefitting from TEs enjoy tax savings that trigger a reduction in government revenue, ... continue reading

Upgrading Housing: the Potential and Limits of Borrower-Based Measures

, , , , and | 3 March 2026
Monetary, Discussion Notes | Tags: Credit Risk, Energy, Financial Stability, Housing, Macroprudential Policy
This paper explores how borrower-based measures (BBMs) can be adjusted to provide additional funding for housing-related energy-efficiency investments without compromising financial stability objectives. ... continue reading

How Ministries of Finance can Support Coherent Climate Policy Packages

| 26 February 2026
Fiscal, Discussion Notes | Tags: Carbon Pricing, Decarbonization, Energy, Industrial Policy, Innovation, Policy Coherence, Tax Expenditures
The success of the low-carbon transition will depend less on isolated climate measures than on the ability of governments to design and sustain coherent policy packages that align fiscal, energy, and industrial objectives. ... continue reading

Tax Expenditures Country Report: Zambia

| 18 December 2025
Fiscal, Discussion Notes | Tags: GTED, GTETI, Tax Expenditures, Zambia
Over the years, Zambia has adopted a range of tax incentives through rate adjustments, exemptions, and deferrals—to encourage investment, promote industrial growth, and stimulate trade. These policy tools reflect the government’s broader commitment ... ... continue reading

Tax Expenditures Country Report: Mexico

, , and | 10 December 2025
Fiscal, Discussion Notes | Tags: GTED, GTETI, Mexico, Tax Expenditures
In Mexico, tax expenditures refer to all fiscal measures that reduce public revenue by granting preferential tax treatment relative to the benchmark system. These include deductions, exemptions, tax credits, differentiated rates and tax incentives ... ... continue reading

Tax Expenditure Effectiveness: Tax Expenditures Lab Flagship Report 2025

, , and | 4 December 2025
Fiscal, Discussion Notes | Tags: GTED, GTETI, Tax Expenditures
The present report discusses the determinants and explores the empirical evidence of TE effectiveness. More and more jurisdictions publish TE reports, as shown by the Global Tax Expenditures Database (GTED). In its most recent version (1.3.2), the GTED includes 116 reporting jurisdictions... ... continue reading

Accelerating Industrial Decarbonisation. The Role of Tax Incentives

, , , , , and | 17 November 2025
Fiscal, Discussion Notes | Tags: Decarbonization, Energy, Industrial Policy, Tax Expenditures
Achieving net-zero targets in industrial sectors will require substantial investment in low-carbon technologies, especially in “hard-to-abate” industries such as steel, cement, and petrochemicals. In this context, tax incentives have emerged as a useful policy instrument ... ... continue reading

Tax Expenditures for Environmental Sustainability

, and | 13 November 2025
Fiscal, Discussion Notes | Tags: GTED, Sustainability, Tax Expenditures
This report analyses tax expenditures aimed at promoting environmentally sustainable practices. Drawing on the Global Tax Expenditures Database (GTED) and a number of specific international experiences, it explores how these instruments are currently being used and evaluated. ... continue reading

Tax Expenditures Country Report: Colombia

, and | 25 September 2025
Fiscal, Discussion Notes | Tags: Colombia, GTED, GTETI, Tax Expenditures
The Colombian tax system is complex, due in part to the numerous special exemptions, exclusions and deductions inherent in the regulatory framework. This complicates matters in terms of tax compliance, oversight and auditing. ... continue reading

Tax Expenditures Country Report: United Kingdom

| 17 September 2025
Fiscal, Discussion Notes | Tags: GTED, GTETI, Tax Expenditures, United Kingdom
Tax expenditures in the United Kingdom result in a considerable release of fiscal resources by central government, little known and off-budget. The official estimated cost comes to 7.6 per cent of GDP in 2023-24, equivalent to a quarter of total tax revenue collected ... continue reading