Economic Policies for Affordable, Secure and Clean Energy: Insights from India
Priya Sahu and
Nirosha Elsem Varghese | 3 April 2025
Fiscal,
Discussion Notes | Tags:
Energy,
Fossil Fuel Subsidies,
India,
Renewables
India is making significant strides toward affordable, secure and clean energy with the help of ambitious economic policy packages. Yet, like in other countries, many challenges remain.
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Wang’s Café Goes Green: Innovative Finance Solutions for Small Companies
Peter Knaack | 27 March 2025
Monetary,
Blog | Tags:
China,
Entrepreneurship,
Financial Inclusion,
Green Finance
Financial markets have mobilized a large and growing amount of money for climate action – but most of it goes to large firms. Small companies (micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises or MSMEs in the jargon) struggle to access the finance needed to green their activities.
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Clearing the Air: Lessons from the EU ETS for Low Carbon Aviation
Patrick Lenain and
Leila Sahib | 6 March 2025
Fiscal,
Blog | Tags:
Carbon Pricing,
Energy,
Fossil Fuels,
Tax Expenditures,
Transport
Aviation has long enjoyed a special tax status. Airline fuel for international flights is generally exempt from excise duties. International air travel also benefits widely from VAT exemption or zero-rated VAT.
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Tax Expenditures Country Report: Brazil
Paolo de Renzio,
Manoel Pires,
Natalia Rodrigues and
Giosvaldo Teixeira Junior | 25 February 2025
Fiscal,
Discussion Notes | Tags:
Brazil,
GTED,
GTETI,
Tax Expenditures
Tax expenditures in Brazil corresponded to 4.78% of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in 2023, taking only the federal level into account. If state-level tax expenditures are included, the share reaches 7.2% of GDP in 2023.
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Inclusive Green Finance for Small Companies: A Case Study of Pilot Cities in China’s Zhejiang Province
Jingyi Zhang,
Peter Knaack and
Danqing Shao | 21 February 2025
Monetary,
Discussion Notes | Tags:
China,
Entrepreneurship,
Financial Inclusion,
Green Finance
Micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) are crucial for the transition to a sustainable economy. However, they face major challenges in accessing financing for sustainable investments.
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China’s Monetary Stimulus. Aggregate and Structural Implications
Isabelle Jiani Zheng | 13 February 2025
Monetary,
Blog | Tags:
Central Banks,
China,
Economic Growth,
Financial Stability
The People’s Bank of China (PBOC) convened its 2025 work conference in Beijing from 3 to 4 January, signaling a commitment to maintaining a supportive policy stance in the new year following key steps in this direction in 2024.
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Collaboration in Action. Improving Tax Expenditure Policy Through Regional Engagement
Markus Paffhausen | 14 January 2025
Fiscal,
Blog | Tags:
Parliaments,
Tax Expenditures
The primary objectives of the ATI Tax Expenditures Workshop series were to build capacity, facilitate knowledge transfer, and establish robust regional networks of TE experts.
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Governing Insurance for Financial Stability and Environmental Sustainability
Jérôme Crugnola-Humbert | 20 December 2024
Monetary,
Policy Briefs | Tags:
Climate Risks,
Environmental Risks,
Financial Stability,
Insurance,
Macroprudential Policy
Despite its links to climate and nature risks (for instance, through insurance against natural catastrophes), the insurance sector has so far received insufficient attention from most policymakers, regulators and supervisors.
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The Global Tax Expenditures Transparency Index Companion Paper: Revised Version
Agustin Redonda,
Lucas Millan,
Christian von Haldenwang,
Sofia Berg and
Flurim Aliu | 3 December 2024
Fiscal,
Discussion Notes | Tags:
GTETI,
Tax Expenditures,
Transparency
The revised Companion Paper includes a description of the methodological adjustments made since the launch of the Global Tax Expenditures Transparency Index (GTETI). Changes do not only affect the internal structure of individual indicators but also the underlying format of the data.
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Tax Expenditures Country Report: France
François Ecalle | 29 November 2024
Fiscal,
Discussion Notes | Tags:
France,
GTED,
GTETI,
Tax Expenditures
According to the French Ministry of Finance, tax expenditures have a budgetary cost (revenue forgone) equal to 2.9% of GDP, or 6.8% of the total amount of compulsory levies in France in 2023.
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