Digital Trade: Top Trade Negotiation Priorities for Cross-Border Data Flows and Online Trade in Services
Jane Drake-Brockman,
Gabriel Gari,
Stuart Harbinson,
Bernard Hoekman,
Hildegunn Kyvik Nordås and
Sherry Stephenson | 16 September 2021
Trade,
Policy Briefs | Tags:
Digitalization,
Services Trade,
WTO
This policy brief sets out recommendations to achieve a new multilateral framework of trade rules in the digital arena, thereby facilitating continued digital transformation of services and growth in cross-border flows of data. The present moment is critical. Successful conclusion of World Trade Organization (WTO)
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Tax Expenditures—The $1.5 Trillion Elephant in the (Budget) Room
Tom Neubig and
Agustin Redonda | 16 September 2021
Fiscal,
Blog | Tags:
Income Tax,
Inequality,
Tax Expenditures
The Biden administration FY 2022 Budget proposal includes $2.4 trillion of additional revenue over the next 10 years. Higher tax rates on high-income individuals and corporations account for $990 billion. At the same time, the budget proposes $1.35 trillion of new tax expenditures from exemptions,
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Is Artificial Intelligence Coming for Your Job?
Hildegunn Kyvik Nordås and
Franziska Klügl | 13 July 2021
Trade,
Blog | Tags:
Artificial Intelligence,
Employment,
Innovation
Artificial intelligence (AI) potentially generates big changes to the way we live and work. In a recent study we simulate the uptake of AI-enabled automation software in engineering and manufacturing. It shows an S-shaped adoption path – slow at the beginning and accelerating as a
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Get My Tax Base if You Can
Peter Dietsch | 25 June 2021
Fiscal,
Blog | Tags:
Developing Countries,
Minimum Tax Rate,
Tax Competition
The headlines from the G7 summit in Cornwall might suggest that the groundwork has just been laid for the most fundamental overhaul of the international tax regime in decades. The twin proposal accords additional taxing rights to states with large consumer markets and introduces a
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ECB and Climate Change: The Direction is Clear – But Ambition and Speed are Lacking
Pierre Monnin | 7 June 2021
Monetary,
Blog | Tags:
Central Banks,
Monetary Policy Operations,
Sustainability
All public institutions urgently need to address the colossal challenges posed by climate change. Central banks are no exception, and their representatives are well aware of this.
Jens Weidmann, President of the Deutsche Bundesbank, for example, is convinced "that we can all do more to mitigate
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Systemic Risk Buffers – The Missing Piece in the Prudential Response to Climate Risks
Pierre Monnin | 1 June 2021
Monetary,
Policy Briefs | Tags:
Climate Risk,
European Systemic Risk Board,
Macroprudential Regulation,
Systemic Risks
Climate-related financial risks can potentially destabilize the financial sector. This fact is acknowledged by the major international financial bodies – the Financial Stability Board (FSB), the Bank for International Settlements (BIS), the International Monetary Fund (IMF) – as well as by the Central Banks and
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Services Trade and the Gender Wage Gap: The Case of India
Louise Johannesson and
Hildegunn Kyvik Nordås | 31 May 2021
Trade,
Blog | Tags:
India,
Inequality,
Services Trade,
Wage Gap
India’s female labour force participation rate is less than half of the global average and the gender wage gap is substantial. With higher tertiary graduation rates and excelling in frontier skills for the future, women constitute a talent pool that India can ill afford to
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Governing Finance – The Case for a New Playbook
Alexander Barkawi and
Simon Zadek | 7 April 2021
Monetary,
Blog | Tags:
Central Banks,
Climate Change,
Digital Finance,
Employment,
Financial Supervision,
Governing Finance,
Inequality,
Sustainability
Finance impacts all aspects of our lives, from our economies to social cohesion to the ecological systems we depend on for our very survival. As a result, the implications of how we govern finance are fundamental, and ultimately existential. Yet, alarmingly, we are not talking
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Governing Finance for Sustainable Prosperity
Alexander Barkawi and
Simon Zadek | 7 April 2021
Monetary,
Discussion Notes | Tags:
Central Banks,
Climate Change,
Digital Finance,
Employment,
Financial Supervision,
Governing Finance,
Inequality,
Sustainability
Finance impacts all aspects of our lives, from our economies to social cohesion to the ecological systems we depend on for our very survival. As a result, the implications of how we choose to govern finance are fundamental, and ultimately existential.
Whether we succeed in improving
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Assessing Pension-Related Tax Expenditures in South Africa
Agustin Redonda and
Christopher Axelson | 6 April 2021
Fiscal,
Research Papers | Tags:
Inequality,
Pensions,
South Africa,
Tax Expenditures
In 2016, the South African government introduced a comprehensive reform to simplify
and harmonize the pension system in order to incentivize pension savings and increase the fairness
of the retirement system. Using administrative tax micro-data, we assess the impact of the 2016
reform and find that it triggered
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