Publications

Services in the India-EU Free Trade Agreement

| 18 April 2023
Trade, Policy Briefs | Tags: EU, India, Services Trade, Telecommunications, Trade Agreements
EU and India are both committed to the global trading system, and both are concerned with making the digital and green transition work for all. ... continue reading

Trade Governance for the Energy Future: Five Key Pillars for International Cooperation

| 14 April 2023
Fiscal, Trade, Policy Briefs | Tags: Energy, Global Value Chains, Renewables
Building resilient and sustainable global value chains (GVCs) for the goods and services that underpin the energy transition is critical. ... continue reading

From Trilemma to Triple Dividend: Clean, Affordable and Secure Energy

| 29 March 2023
Fiscal, Blog | Tags: Energy, Fossil Fuel Subsidies, Tax Expenditures
Governments seek to achieve simultaneously the three objectives of clean, affordable and secure energy. Some perceive them to be a daunting "Energy Trilemma" and call for energy security and affordability to be prioritised. ... continue reading

Global Financial Networked Governance – The Power of the Financial Stability Board and its Limits

| 27 March 2023
Books | Tags: Finance Stability, Governing Finance
Peter Knaack's book provides a careful analysis of the Financial Stability Board (FSB) and the standard-setters under its umbrella, showing how government networks harness the power of public reputation to herd their members into compliance. ... continue reading

Two Sessions 2023: Reforming China’s Financial Governance

and | 22 March 2023
Monetary, Blog | Tags: China, Economic Growth, Financial Stability
Over the past years, China has reformed the governance of its financial system to better serve its development path. ... continue reading

Inflation Reduction Act vs. Green Deal: Transatlantic Divergences on the Energy Transition

| 20 March 2023
Monetary, Trade, Blog | Tags: Decarbonization, Energy, Industrial Policy, Protectionism, Tax Expenditures
The U.S. Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) has caused significant transatlantic tensions since its signing by Joe Biden in August 2022. The White House aims to break with the country’s high levels of fossil fuel consumption and switch to clean energy - a change that Europeans ... continue reading

Climate Risks in Albania and their Relevance to the Central Bank

and | 14 March 2023
Monetary, Policy Briefs | Tags: Central Banks, Climate Change, Financial Stability, Sustainable Finance
Climate change has far-reaching impacts, both in breadth and magnitude that are starting to affect the economy and society in Albania. Mitigating them and positioning the Albanian economy on a sustainable path requires important structural transformations and investments. ... continue reading

The Digital Transition of Services: Getting Regulation Right From the Start

| 9 March 2023
Trade, Blog | Tags: Competition, Digital Economy, Innovation, Privacy, Services Trade
The digital transition and the introduction of artificial intelligence (AI) in services are blurring the boundaries of both occupations and sectors. At the same time, new or rekindled trade-offs between different regulatory objectives arise, transgressing sectoral and occupational boundaries as we know them. Services regulations, ... continue reading

Keeping Risks in Check. Towards a Comprehensive Reflection of Climate Risks on Central Bank Balance Sheets

| 27 February 2023
Monetary, Blog | Tags: Asset Purchases, Central Banks, Climate Risks, Financial Governance
Central banks have been highlighting the financial risks from climate change for several years. The fact that they are still not accounting for these risks across all their operations is striking. This must change. ... continue reading

Fossil Fuel Tax Expenditures. Data Gaps and Reporting Guidelines

and | 21 February 2023
Fiscal, Discussion Notes | Tags: Energy, Fossil Fuel Subsidies, Tax Expenditures
Tax expenditures (TEs) make up one of the largest components of fossil fuel subsidies (FFSs) worldwide. Yet, despite their significance, they remain underreported. ... continue reading