Discussion Notes

Should Monetary Policy Take Inequality and Climate Change into Account?

| 24 January 2020
Monetary, Discussion Notes | Tags: Climate Change, Governing Finance, Inequality
Should central banks take more account of ethical issues, notably the impact of monetary policy actions on the distribution of income and wealth and on efforts to combat climate change, in the design and implementation of the wider monetary policy toolkit they have been using ... continue reading

Legitimacy Challenges to Central Banks: Sketching a Way Forward

| 19 January 2020
Monetary, Discussion Notes | Tags: Central Banks, Governing Finance
Delegation to independent agencies (IAs) can reap real benefits for policy making. In the case of monetary policy, it shores up the credibility of the central bank. However, it is generally accepted that the discretion of IAs needs to be constrained to ensure their legitimacy. This ... continue reading

Against Amnesia: Re-Imagining Central Banking

and | 10 January 2020
Monetary, Discussion Notes | Tags: Central Banks, Governing Finance
The purpose of the present paper is to identify and challenge contemporary adherence to the core of the prevailing monetary policy consensus. This consensus consists of what we call the holy trinity of the inflation targeting paradigm: price stability as the primary goal of the ... continue reading

Climate Risk and Financial Systems of Latin America: Regulatory, Supervisory and Industry Practices in the Region and Beyond

, , , and | 18 December 2019
Monetary, Discussion Notes | Tags: Central Banks, Climate Risk, Financial Regulation, Green Finance, Latin America
In Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), regional supervisors and regulators have not yet explicitly included nor addressed climate-related risks in binding regulations and/or supervisory measures for the financial sector. This implies significant work ahead for the LAC financial sector to develop effective and complete ... continue reading

Climate Risks in Financial Assets

, and | 4 November 2019
Monetary, Discussion Notes | Tags: Asset Prices, Climate Risk, Climate Stress Tests
This note reviews the empirical evidence available in the academic literature about the impact of climate-related risks on financial assets. It addresses three main questions: does climate change already affect financial asset returns? What is the potential impact of future climate-related costs on financial asset ... continue reading

Distributional Impact of Unconventional Monetary Policies

| 25 June 2019
Monetary, Discussion Notes | Tags: Income Inequality, QE
The sustained application of accommodative monetary policies has led to concerns that they were aggravating inequality. The criticism has come from several quarters, from academics to private sector participants, from politicians to media and civil society organizations. Some argued that by boosting housing and stock ... continue reading

Changing Landscapes for Central Banks and Financial Regulators

| 14 March 2019
Monetary, Discussion Notes | Tags: Central Banks, Governing Finance
This discussion note is an extended version of the introductory comments shared by the author at a CEP roundtable on “Governing Finance and Sustainability” in January 2019. It addresses in order the four issues raised in the convening’s agenda. First, what are the historical origins ... continue reading

Integrating Climate Risks into Credit Risk Assessment: Current Methodologies and the Case of Central Banks Corporate Bond Purchases

| 21 December 2018
Monetary, Discussion Notes | Tags: Climate Risk, Credit Risk, ECB Corporate Sector Purchase Programme
Climate change, and the transition to a low-carbon economy that can mitigate it, engender significant economic costs. These costs are ultimately borne by households and firms. They affect households’ and firms’ cash flows and wealth, which are key determinants of their credit worthiness. Climate-related costs ... continue reading

Assessing Tax Expenditure Reporting in G20 and OECD Economies

and | 6 November 2018
Fiscal, Discussion Notes | Tags: G20, OECD, Tax Expenditures
Governments worldwide pursue public policy objectives through direct spending and tax expenditures (TEs). Interestingly though, and despite their significant impact on government budgets, TEs are opaque and very often not subject to the same level of scrutiny in the budget process as direct spending. This ... continue reading

Energy Tax Expenditures in a Globalized Economy

and | 9 May 2018
Fiscal, Trade, Discussion Notes | Tags: Energy, Tax Competition, Tax Expenditures
Countries around the world have introduced energy taxes to expand revenues, reduce energy consumption and curb greenhouse gas emissions. In that context, they have frequently also implemented tax provisions to lower the energy tax bill for certain industries, households and regions. Tax exemptions and deductions ... continue reading
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