How to Move Forward with Green Hydrogen
Patrick Lenain and
Magd Shamashan | 28 August 2025
Fiscal,
Blog | Tags:
Energy,
Renewables,
Tax Expenditures,
Vietnam Green hydrogen is hoped to be a key solution for decarbonising hard-to-abate sectors, notably steel, petrochemicals, and long-haul transport, all large consumers of fossil fuels in Vietnam.
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U.S. Energy Policy at a Crossroads
Luke Hatton and
Patrick Lenain | 28 May 2025
Fiscal,
Blog | Tags:
Energy,
Fossil Fuel Subsidies,
Renewables,
United States U.S. energy policy is at a crossroads. While both the Biden and Trump Administrations have made energy affordability and security a key priority, their strategies differ drastically.
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Economic Policies for Affordable, Secure and Clean Energy: Insights from the United States
Luke Hatton and
Patrick Lenain | 28 May 2025
Fiscal,
Policy Briefs | Tags:
Energy,
Fossil Fuel Subsidies,
Renewables,
United States In the United States, a diverse range of policy initiatives, many of which can be implemented at the state and local levels, are available to continue the transition towards an affordable, secure, and clean energy system.
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Clearing the Air: Lessons from the EU ETS for Low Carbon Aviation
Patrick Lenain and
Leila Sahib | 6 March 2025
Fiscal,
Blog | Tags:
Carbon Pricing,
Energy,
Fossil Fuels,
Tax Expenditures,
Transport Aviation has long enjoyed a special tax status. Airline fuel for international flights is generally exempt from excise duties. International air travel also benefits widely from VAT exemption or zero-rated VAT.
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It Takes Two to Tango: The Role of Ministries of Finance in Designing Pricing and Non-Pricing Climate Actions
Patrick Lenain | 4 November 2024
Fiscal,
Policy Briefs | Tags:
Carbon Pricing,
Energy,
Fossil Fuel Subsidies,
Renewables This policy brief examines the recent emergence of climate policy packages and their impact on climate, social, financial, and fiscal outcomes. It also recommends steps that Ministries of Finance can take to better understand how to design coherent climate policy packages and facilitate the sharing
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Economic Policies for Affordable, Secure and Clean Energy: Insights from the UK
Luke Hatton and
Patrick Lenain | 1 October 2024
Fiscal,
Policy Briefs | Tags:
Energy,
Fossil Fuel Subsidies,
Renewables,
United Kingdom Transitioning to a more affordable, secure and clean energy system is a key priority for the UK government. Elected in July 2024, the new government led by Prime Minister Keir Starmer aims at making the country a “clean energy superpower”.
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Unlocking a Sustainable Energy Future: Key Insights from the UK
Luke Hatton and
Patrick Lenain | 1 October 2024
Fiscal,
Blog | Tags:
Decarbonization,
Energy,
Fossil Fuel Subsidies,
Industrial Policy,
Renewables,
United Kingdom The United Kingdom has made considerable strides in transforming its energy system. Since the early 1970s, the nation has reduced its primary energy consumption by one-fifth, even as its real GDP has nearly tripled. While low-carbon energy sources were once almost non-existent, they now account
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Leapfrogging to a New Energy Future: Economic Policies for Affordable, Secure and Clean Energy in Ukraine
Anhelina Dombrovska and
Patrick Lenain | 24 July 2024
Fiscal,
Policy Briefs | Tags:
Energy,
Fossil Fuel Subsidies,
Renewables,
Ukraine With well-designed reforms, international support, private investment – and, crucially, peace – Ukraine can leapfrog to a sustainable energy future. At present, decisionmakers in the energy sector are fighting day-to-day battles to keep the lights on and houses warm. Winning these daily battles and setting
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Energizing Peace: Economic Policies for Affordable, Secure and Clean Energy in Ukraine
Anhelina Dombrovska and
Patrick Lenain | 13 June 2024
Fiscal,
Blog | Tags:
Energy,
Fossil Fuel Subsidies,
Renewables,
Ukraine Ukraine has a vast and diverse renewable energy potential encompassing wind, solar, biomass, hydropower, and geothermal resources. With continued investment and development, Ukraine could significantly increase its renewable energy capacity and reduce its reliance on fossil fuels.
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Economic Policies for Affordable, Secure and Clean Energy. Insights from France
Patrick Lenain | 3 May 2024
Fiscal,
Blog | Tags:
Decarbonization,
Energy,
Fossil Fuel Subsidies,
France,
Industrial Policy,
Tax Expenditures Successive French governments have reformed the country’s energy sector, with notable achievements in maintaining affordable access, ensuring supply security, and reducing carbon emissions. However, the energy crisis triggered by Russia's invasion of Ukraine in 2022-23 has underscored the imperative for a thorough revision of France's
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